When a “thrombus” or a blood clot develops in one of the blood vessels, it reduces the blood flow and leads to a condition known as “thrombosis.” When a clot forms in the veins, it is known as venous thromboembolism and can result in deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. When it forms in the arteries, it is known as atherothrombosis and can result in heart attacks and strokes. 1. Causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Causes of DVT vary from patient to patient, but common contributing factors include the following: Stasis or alterations in normal blood flow caused by prolonged immobility, extended surgery, varicose veins. Injury to blood vessel Personal and family history Genetic mutation of blood clotting Factor V Side effect of chemotherapy, radiation, or heart/lung disease treatments Pregnancy Recent surgery, especially orthopedic or total knee replacement surgery Overweight/Obesity Old age Sedentary occupation, long flights, long road trips Extended bed-rest Certain health conditions like irritable bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, cancer, heart disease Genetic blood disorders and inherited conditions Smoking Contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy Awareness of these causes of deep vein thrombosis and risk factors can increase awareness of the condition, help in early diagnosis and treatment. 2.

Lymphoma refers to certain types of cancers affecting the immune cells in our body, mainly those cells inside the lymphatic system. The treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma will depend on the type of lymphoma that the patient is afflicted with. Also, the type further depends on whether the B-cells or T-cells have been affected, and how far the cancer has spread. Once you know what the causes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are, is it possible to prevent these? There is no definite way to prevent the condition. In multiple cases, individuals affected by it were not exposed to any risk factor. So, even if you know what the possible causes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma may be, you cannot stop the disease from striking. There are, however, certain things that you may do to lower the risks of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. For instance, you can minimize the chances of infections and take steps to boost your immune system. Here are some steps you can follow to try and prevent higher chances of having the disease: 1. Practice safe sex It is a proven fact that people who have been infected with HIV might have elevated risks of getting non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. So, one possible way to avoid increased risks of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is to avoid the known risks of getting HIV.

Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure that specifically affects the arteries within the lungs on the right side of the heart, known as the pulmonary arterioles, causing capillaries to become too narrow, impeded, or completely destroyed. Pulmonary hypertension may develop because of a host of factors ranging from infections and inherited disorders to heart problems and blood clots. Some risk factors for pulmonary hypertension include a family history of the condition, living at a high altitude for a long time, liver diseases, heart or lung disease, blood clots and clotting disorders that affect the lungs, and using illegal drugs and amphetamine-based medicines. Even if you know the risk factors for pulmonary hypertension, you may not be able to stop it from happening. In most cases, it occurs due to inherited risks, from some unknown cause or uncontrollable conditions, or due to a congenital heart problem. At the same time, you may be able to reduce the risk factors by avoiding activities that could trigger its development. Another possible way to reduce risks of pulmonary hypertension is to treat other health problems that may be associated with it, like heart ailments. There is no known cure for pulmonary hypertension as it is a progressive condition.

Birth control refers to the use of various devices, methods, drugs, agents, sexual practices, surgical procedures to prevent conception and pregnancy. It helps people choose when to start a family with a range of devices for both men and women. The effectiveness of any method depends entirely on how carefully it is used. The best birth control method is the one that suits your body and your lifestyle, as it is a very personal choice. Thankfully, there are a variety of methods available that can suit nearly every lifestyle, but it is important to remember that no method or device is completely effective. With that being said, the following are the more common types of birth control: 1. Permanent and non-permanent methods of birth control Permanent birth control methods are sterilization in women or vasectomy or sterilization in men. Non-permanent birth control methods include birth control pills, birth control patches, birth control implants, intrauterine devices or long-acting reversible contraceptives, diaphragm and cervical caps, contraceptive injections, vaginal rings, and condoms. 2. Birth control pills Oral contraceptive or birth control pills are taken regularly. Every day, this pill must be taken at the same time to prevent pregnancy. When the estrogen and progestin hormones are released by these chemically made pills, the body’s natural hormonal balance is disrupted, which prevents pregnancies.

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the rectum or colon, and is commonly referred to as colon cancer. Both the rectum and the colon are located in the lower portion of the digestive system. The early stages of this disease may not present any symptoms, but some include constipation, diarrhea, and changes in stools including color and shape. Some factors may increase the risk of developing colon cancer, including the following: 1. Main risk factors for colon cancer Studies show that there are some clear attributes, behaviors, dietary and lifestyle choices that are associated with the development of colon cancer. They may be either high or low risk and include: Being above 50 years of age Gender, race, and ethnicity Personal history Family history Genetic syndromes Inflammatory bowel diseases Unhealthy diet Sedentary lifestyle Tobacco and excessive alcohol use Being overweight/obese 2. Modifiable risk factors Certain habits, dietary choices, weight, and physical activity are strongly connected with the development of colorectal cancer as compared to other forms. Altering and modifying these habits and lifestyles can significantly reduce the risk factors for colon cancer. Some risk factors cannot be changed. For instance, age, race, gender and ethnicity, family history, and genetic predisposition are unalterable aspects.